依赖和环境说明
python3.6
django1.11.23
celery==3.1.25 异步任务
django-celery==3.2.2 定时任务管理包
redis==2.10.6
django-redis-cache==1.7.1 方便配置Redis缓存
以上依赖pip安装,不再赘述
配置
在django创建项目的项目配置路径下的__init__.py中添加
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
# This will make sure the app is always imported when
# Django starts so that shared_task will use this app.
from .celery import app as celery_app
__all__ = ('celery_app',)
在django创建项目的项目配置路径下,创建celery.py,如下:
#! /usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# file: celery.py
# author: wangchenxi
# mail: wongchenxi@icloud.com
# brief:
# version: 0.1.00
# Create Time:2019-12-08 22:21:00
# Last Update: 2019-12-10 01:26:48 AM
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
import os
from celery import Celery, platforms
from django.conf import settings
from celery.schedules import crontab
# set the default Django settings module for the 'celery' program.
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'wangchenxi_top.settings')
app = Celery('wangchenxi_top')
# imports = ('api.tasks', 'blog.tasks')
platforms.C_FORCE_ROOT = True
# Using a string here means the worker doesn't have to serialize
# the configuration object to child processes.
# - namespace='CELERY' means all celery-related configuration keys
# should have a `CELERY_` prefix.
app.config_from_object('django.conf:settings')
# Load task modules from all registered Django app configs.
app.autodiscover_tasks(lambda: settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
@app.task(bind=True)
def debug_task(self):
print('Request: {0!r}'.format(self.request))
在django创建项目的项目配置路径下settings.py中添加celery配置相关,如下:
import djcelery
''''''
INSTALLED_APPS = [
# ...
'djcelery',
# ....
]
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = False
djcelery.setup_loader()
BROKER_URL = 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379'
CELERY_CONCURRENCY = 10
CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379'
CELERYBEAT_SCHEDULER = 'djcelery.schedulers.DatabaseScheduler'
开发任务
在项目应用下创建tasks.py,并在项目应用views.py中引入(即使不调用也要引入,不然celery不能发现项目的task),才能在启动的时候自动发现注册任务函数。例如,本人开发的一个api应用添加tasks.py文件如下:
from celery import shared_task
@shared_task
def task_hello_world(*args):
'''
xxxxxx
'''
pass
return 'hello,world'
需要在应用的views.py文件中引入如下views.py
from api.tasks import task_hello_world
# 引入之后可以主动调用,发起异步任务,也可以通过配置的
# CELERYBEAT_SCHEDULER = 'djcelery.schedulers.DatabaseScheduler' 发起任务调用
# 如果任务没有在views.py文件中引入则视为任务没有注册,进而不能通过CELERYBEAT_SCHEDULER完成调用
在views.py主动调用的方法如下:
from api.tasks import task_hello_world
def every_where():
'''
xxxxx
'''
id = task_hello_world.delay(*args)
# 如果需要返回结果需要记录id
启动准备及启动
安装完依赖,配置完之后,应该执行
python manage.py migrate
# 因为django-celery模块会去创建djcelery.schedulers.DatabaseScheduler
# 数据表
# 然后启动celery,同时启动beat
python manage.py celery multi start worker --loglevel=info --beat
# 如果不启动beat,则不能完成定时任务
其他
其他问题例如定时任务表怎么配置调用,需要说明的是:每一次调整或这添加定时任务都要重启加载celery。
具体怎么添加定时任务我觉得这个不再celery的配置和简单使用范畴。 在使用celery过程中发现beat调度部分cpu占用率太高,其实这个地方需要根据实际需求调整配置
#默认是0,就相当于是一个耗时循环
#CELERYBEAT_MAX_LOOP_INTERVAL= 0
CELERYBEAT_MAX_LOOP_INTERVAL= 1
总之,根据个人实际情况调整就是了。
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